Guwahati, Assam — Tensions in Assam have surged again as multiple indigenous communities intensify their protests demanding recognition as Scheduled Tribes (ST). The Moran, Tai Ahom, Matak, Koch Rajbongshi, Chutia, and Tea-Tribe (Adivasi) groups are pressing for constitutional safeguards, reservation rights, and identity recognition that they argue has been long delayed.
What’s Driving the Protests
Historic Promises, Lingering Frustrations
These six communities were promised ST status by political leaders in Assam, including during electoral campaigns, but the implementation has repeatedly stalled. Many protesters feel the promises remain unfulfilled, creating frustration and unrest.
The Moran Blockade
The All Moran Students’ Union (AMSU) recently launched an indefinite economic blockade in Tinsukia. Trucks carrying coal, tea, oil, and timber were prevented from moving, causing disruption of essential goods flow. The blockade is aimed not just at obtaining ST status, but also at upgrading their autonomous council to a constitutional status that gives stronger legal power.
Torchlight Rallies & Mass Protests
Earlier, more than 10,000 Moran community members held a torch rally in Tinsukia demanding that the Assam government send a proposal to the Centre for ST recognition. In Golakganj, Dhubri, students from Koch-Rajbongshi communities also organized torchlight processions demanding ST status and, in some cases, a separate Kamatapur state.
Government’s Response So Far
The Assam government and the Chief Minister, Himanta Biswa Sarma, have urged patience. While they say the process of recommending ST status to these communities is “moving forward with a positive mindset,” the protests are viewed as potentially delaying formal action.
Who Are the Communities & What Do They Seek?
| Community | Key Demands |
|---|---|
| Moran | ST status, constitutional parity, stronger autonomous council powers. |
| Tai Ahom | Recognition as ST, protection of culture, land rights, quota benefits. |
| Matak | Large community marches demanding immediate ST recognition. |
| Koch Rajbongshi, Chutia, Tea Tribes | Reservation, identity protection, equal opportunities. |
Impacts: Social, Political & Economic
- Disruption of daily life and trade: The economic blockade in Tinsukia has affected transport of key commodities.
- Political pressure: The protests pose a serious challenge to the ruling party in Assam.
- Community morale and identity: Many protesters feel their identity has been neglected, limiting access to education, jobs, and welfare schemes.
What the Law & Constitution Say
ST status is granted by the Union government and requires recommendations from the Registrar General of India (RGI) and other bodies. Some autonomous councils in Assam already operate under the Sixth Schedule with constitutional protections; others, like the Moran Autonomous Council, want their powers upgraded.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What does “ST status” mean?
It refers to recognition under the Scheduled Tribes category in the Indian Constitution, which brings benefits like reservation in education and jobs, protection of cultural rights, and legal safeguards.
2. Which Assam communities are demanding ST status?
The main groups include Moran, Tai Ahom, Matak, Koch Rajbongshi, Chutia, and Tea Tribes (Adivasi).
3. What is the current classification of these communities?
They are currently classified mostly under Other Backward Classes (OBC) or general categories, not ST.
4. Why are protesters blocking roads and staging economic disruptions?
To increase pressure on the government to move from verbal promises to concrete legal recommendations and implementation.
5. Has the Assam or Central Government made any commitments?
Yes, both state and central governments have assured that the issue is under review and that proposals are being considered.
6. What is the Sixth Schedule, and why is it being mentioned?
The Sixth Schedule grants autonomous district councils certain powers and constitutional protections. Communities want their councils upgraded to this scheme.
7. What could be the obstacles?
Challenges include verifying historical and anthropological criteria for ST inclusion, overlapping rights with existing ST groups, and bureaucratic delays.
8. Are there any protests from other communities?
Yes, the Matak community and others have announced large protest marches demanding ST recognition.
9. What happens if ST status is granted?
Benefits would include reservation in education and jobs, development funding, protection of land and cultural heritage, and legal recognition.
10. How might this affect Assam politically?
It could reshape electoral outcomes, increase representation of indigenous groups, and pressure ruling parties to fulfill promises.
11. Is there a timeline for resolution?
No fixed timeline yet, though reports suggest the issue may be taken up in upcoming Assembly sessions.
What Happens Next?
If the government tables the promised report and acts on the ST demand, it could defuse much of the agitation. If not, protests are likely to escalate with more blockades, marches, and public unrest.
Conclusion
The protests in Assam are not merely about reservation quotas; they reflect deep-seated concerns over identity, justice, and unfulfilled promises. For the Moran, Tai Ahom, Matak, Chutia, Koch Rajbongshi, and Tea Tribes, ST status is seen as overdue recognition of their heritage and rights. The coming months will be critical in shaping Assam’s social and political landscape.
Report by Toofan Express